中美合导电影《铁血残阳》还原美军战俘在九・一八事变地遭日军虐待往事（图）

纪录电影《铁血残阳》海报

央广网北京9月6日消息 今年是中国人民抗日战争暨世界反法西斯战争胜利70周年，纪录电影《铁血残阳》正是为了迎接这一历史时刻而进入创作的，铭记历史、缅怀先烈、珍爱和平、开创未来是此次创作的大主题。

本片以70多年前设立在沈阳的“奉天盟军战俘营”为切入视角，通过二战盟军战俘的故事，将采访亲历者，再现他们的经历与史料相结合，力图通过世界反法西斯战争与东方主战场的特殊关联，构建出与众不同的二战全景，并将其中鲜为人知的故事告诉观众。

抵御外辱，自强不息，弘扬爱国主义一直以来是影视作品中现实主义创作主旋律，其中抗战题材更是振奋民族精神，宣传英雄主义，既宝贵又特殊的创作源泉，是我们民族记忆中无可替代、可歌可泣、浓墨重彩的一笔，其自身所具有的现实性将随着时间的推移一次次被重新挖掘，不断地发扬光大，凝聚成中华民族宝贵的精神财富。

影片导演 沈好放

随着中国的不断崛起，近些年来，国际上试图改变战后秩序的种种企图不断浮出水面。处在改革开放关键期的中国，不但要抓住深化改革的重大历史机遇期做好自己的事，还要审时度势，在提升文化软实力上敢于“亮剑”，讲好中国故事，鲜明地阐述自己的观点和主张。作为影视导演，能在中国人民抗日战争暨世界反法西斯战争胜利70周年时，投入到这一题材的创作中，是一次不可多得的机遇。

有了重要的创作机遇，接下来要解决“二战”这个命题。二战的历史背景格外庞杂，解释起来容易枯燥，毕竟是在电影院给观众看，引人入胜是必须的。能否以小见大，通过某一个历史着眼点“撕开”这道历史背景庞杂的“大幕”，确实是摆在创作者面前的难题。

创作初期，沈阳市相关负责同志在谈及这部影片时曾经提到，沈阳是二战肇始地，拍摄意义重大。这句话引起沈好放的关注，并为此查阅了大量资料。

影片导演 李察・安德森

为什么沈阳被史学家称为“二战肇始地”呢？

1931年，在中国沈阳，即当年的奉天，发生了震惊中外的“九・一八事变”，这个时间点距中国的全面抗战爆发，即1937年的“卢沟桥事变”，日本全面侵华战争的开始，提早了整整6年。经过查阅历史资料沈好放意识到，这一重大事件，不仅是日本帝国主义以武力征服中国的开始，也标志着亚洲战争策源地的形成和第二次世界大战序幕的揭开，日军于1931年9月18日在中国北大营打响的第一枪，打破了第一次世界大战后形成的相对稳定的世界格局。在此之后发生的一系列对华侵略和1941年日军偷袭珍珠港，悍然发动的太平洋战争，不单促成美英荷对日宣战，也促成了26国发表共同宣言，以抗击德、意、日法西斯联盟。日本的倒行逆施终于促使欧亚两大战场合流，第二次世界大战在全球拉开大幕。

从这个意义上来说，前六年日本军国主义试图以武力征服中国与后八年中国的全面抗战，加在一起共十四年，直至1945年8月15日，日本被迫接受《波茨坦公告》，宣布无条件投降，中国人民在长达十四年的抗击法西斯侵略的战斗中，极大地牵制了日军，并阻止其“南下”最终与德国法西斯会师中东的图谋。为此，国力薄弱的中国不仅付出了巨大民族牺牲，也为世界反法西斯战争做出了重要贡献。也正是这十四年的拼死抗争，使长期处于军阀混战，民不聊生的中华民族达到了空前团结，极大地凝聚了全民族奋起抗争的力量，并一改任人宰割的殖民地半殖民地旧貌，迎来了中华民族近现代史上最伟大的觉醒。

反映长达十四年，跨越欧亚非的二战历史全貌，必须找到合适的切入点，以独特的视角，从宏观和微观两方面入手，在短短90分钟之内，给观众一个清晰而全面的认识。毫无疑问，日军当年设置在沈阳（奉天）的盟军战俘营陈列馆正是最好的选择。

这里曾经关押过美、英等国高级将领在内的很多战俘，无论是日本在“以战养战”策略，从千里之外的菲律宾将战俘们转移押送到中国，还是公然违反日内瓦公约对战俘进行奴役和虐待，包括动用731部队对欧美战俘进行的生化试验，亦或是投降前秘密销毁证据，准备灭杀战俘，这座战俘营里发生的每件事，都与二战风云变幻有着或多或少，这样那样的联系，说这座战俘营是二战的“晴雨表”真是再贴切不过了。

影片导演沈好放、李察・安德森接受央广网娱乐的采访

用确凿的“史实”剖析这些联系，用赴美赴日采访的第一手素材， 用权威史藏影像资料，将“二战肇始地”沈阳及设立在沈阳的“二战盟军战俘营”与二战的发生，发展，以及中国人民坚持抗日持久战和抗日民族统一战线的形成，包括从僵持到转折，从全面反击到最终胜利，鲜明地介绍给观众，使走进影院的观众能站在整个二战历史的宏观视角，以小见大地回顾并思考中国的抗日战争与世界反法西斯战争的内在关联，这才是开启这部纪录片“讲述”功能的关键所在。

有了宝贵的“机遇”和特殊的“视角”，还要有相应的“格局”，而且是反映二战历史的大格局。没有这样的大格局，就不会从沉思和苦难中警醒。就不可能看到二战胜利后70年的今天，世界格局又在发生怎样的变化。深入开挖这个题材本身所具有的现实意义，把它交待给观众，才是这部纪录电影的创作主旨。

记得美国采访结束，即将赴日采访的间隙，有领导同志谈到中国抗日战争与世界反法西斯战争的关系时，特别阐述了东方主战场对二战作出的贡献。出于对这部题材的敏感，为此本片导演做了很多功课。发现原来在影片中比较看重的揭密731、控诉日军虐待战俘等，如果没有世界反法西斯战场的“大格局”作背景，会觉得有些单薄，觉得缺少面对国际化语境的说服力。

影片导演沈好放、李察・安德森接受央广网娱乐的采访

在接受专访时两位导演提到，为了将这些很难说清的问题说明白，讲清楚，他们在剧中紧紧抓住对于“投降”的不同认识，先从美菲联军总指挥温莱特中将在被俘前后的人生变化，再到其被解放后回到美国的待遇；从为了鼓吹军国主义，大肆叫嚣为天皇“玉碎”的战争狂人东条英机，再到这个怕死鬼东条英机对待投降上的两种态度的鲜明对比；从一名日军普通士兵面对失败即将来临时的复杂心理，再到战后日本普通民众为了效忠天皇的集体自杀，在“大格局”的梳理下，这些原本没有什么联系的个体事件，纷纷变得真实合理且相互关联起来。特别是联想到日本右翼分子，至今不对战争进行反省和道歉的现实，就有了从历史角度清醒而客观的认识。比起一般性的人格对比，文化差异对比，这是更大视野下正义与邪恶的对比，是多么难得的创作收获呀！

随着剪辑完成，这次耗时数年的创作也即将与全球观众见面，从策划到实施，辽宁省和沈阳市相关部门集合了历史专家、各界学者，在充分尊重史实的前提下，不断探索修正并加以提高。北方联合影视集团承制此剧的负责人不但提供了剧组赴美、日等国与当事人直接接触的机会，而且提名由美国著名导演李察・安德森合作完成本片。安德森导演很早以来一直关注奉天战俘营题材，并计划将这一题材拍成故事片，推向中美市场。可贵的是，他的加入不单是导演艺术处理上的合力，更是一次在双方共同尊重史实的前提下，观点对观点，视角对视角的碰撞。这种加入和碰撞，使本剧在更广阔的视野下，达到忠实于史实，扩大国际影响的目的。

沈好放说，作为一名中国导演，处在战后70年的历史关键点上，能借这样的机会，用史实讲好中国故事，是一次难得的经历。通过这次创作我得到的收获是创作其他类型的影视作品时不曾体会过的，在此，我愿意把它讲述出来，与同行们分享。

影片导演沈好放、李察・安德森接受央广网娱乐的采访

Documentary Film Held Its Premiere in Beijing On Sept. 7th (Press Release)

To celebrate the 70th anniversary of Chinese people’s counter-Japanese War and World anti-Fascist War, the documentary film held its premiere in Beijing at 6:00 p.m. on Sept. 6 at Beijing . This documentary film was organized by the Department of Publicityof Liaoning Provincial Party Committee. It was co-presented by North United Film & Television Group Co., Ltd and China FilmCo., Ltd. It was co- produced by Film & TV Center, Bureau of Culture, Radio, Film , TV and Press of Liaoning Province, the Department of Publicity of Shenyang Municipal Party Committee, Bureau of Culture, Radio, Film , TV and Press of Shenyang and China Art Foundation. The documentary film was listed by as one of the thirteen highly promoted films for the 70th anniversary celebration by the State Administration of Radio, Film ,Television and Press. The Directors Shen Haofang, Richard Anderson and the key crew as well as media reporters and audience totaling1000 people attended this premiere. It is said that this documentary film will be shown at nationwide cinemas on Sept. 17.

The documentary film took “ Mukden Allied POW” established in Shenyang 70 years ago as the entry point to develop the plot. The film told the stories of POWs by interviewing the former prisoners or their relatives, combining recreation of their experiences and historical records. This documentary also tried to structure an unique WWII panorama by presenting the special relevancy of world anti-Fascist and eastern major battle theatre and telling the little-known stories to the audience.

Shenyang WWII Allied POW was a central camp set up by Japanese during WWII in Northeast China. It was also the most typical camp among the 18 camps established by Japan. The main function of this camp was held the senior POWsand POWs with technical background who were captured in Southeast Asia theatre (ASEAN countries Singapore and Philippine were the major theatre). The total number of POWs in the camps reached more than 2000 coming from 6 countries. The senior and high ranking prisoners included Lieutenant General Jonathan Wainwright, by then the commander of Allied forces in Philippine, the British governor in Hong Kong and Lieutenant General Percival in Singapore battle field.

This documentary film strived to verify the interrelationship between the every detailed change from its establishment to disappearance of the POW and the world anti-Fascist War, particularly the rose and fell during different phases in the Pacific theatre. It revealed the historical law that all the war initiators are doomed to destruction. Meanwhile, this film was produced by way of field inspection, site recreation, through the in-depth research at the National Archives in Washington DC to explain the purpose and reasons the Japanese army brought into all kinds of forces to transfer the POWs from Southeast Asia to Northeast China thousands miles away , the so-called “strategic rear”. In order to reach the goal of “ Sustaining the war by means of war”, how the Japanese violated the GenevaConventions blatantly by its brutal management in the camps. They even mobilized the notorious 731 Unit to enter the camp to execute so-called “medical treatment”. The rich historic data and vivid interviews had recreated authentically the major time nodes and events evolvement of Fascists’ disintegration step by step; the dramatic change of Japan’s signing of letter of surrender, the Japanese became prisoners from guards. This film also reminds people the significant historical meaning of the surrender of over 70,000 Allied forces in Philippines headed by general Wainwright and 4 years after that he received the signing pen from the hand of general MacArthur at USS Missouri.

Another highlight of the film was the international cooperation. The two celebrated directors from China and America co-directed this film. The Chinese director Shen Haofang had directed a series of blockbusters covering the historical and current themes like ,,and. Director Shen had won several dozens of awards like Best Director, Flying Goodness Award, the Best Works Award and so on. American Director Richard Anderson had won Oscar Award and Emmy Lifetime Achievement Award. The films he involved,

andand many others are household names. The co-direction of this film by the two directors had offered a masterpiece to the audience. The Chinese and foreign actors playing American prisoners, Japanese guards and Chinese civilians performed so well that they also added value to the film.

To respect the history and let historyspeaks for itself is the most notable artistic characteristics of this film. To remember history, reminisce martyrs and cherish peace and start future is the original intention of this film. The remembrance of the past is the guidance of the future. In 2015 this important historical moment to recall the little-known past events in Mukden Allied POW and shoot the film will display the grand theme of China Dream and peaceful diplomatic thought. This film is standing at the height of world anti-Fascist, to reproduce the historical specialty of Shenyang during WWII. It is a nice way to tell stories occurred in China by utilizing international language contextual effect. The film played a role of promoting patriotism and national spirit. It is undoubtedly an important carrier to convey the socialism core values of freedom, equality, patriotism and friendliness.